Graviton4 vs. Graviton3 vs. Graviton2 + AMD EPYC, Intel Xeon AWS
Benchmarks by Michael Larabel for a future article on Phoronix.


EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge: 

	Processor: AMD EPYC 9R14 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r7a.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 1 x 512GB DDR5-4800MT/s, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Graphics: simpledrmdrmfb, Network: Amazon Elastic

	OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 800x600, System Layer: amazon

Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge: 

	Processor: ARMv8 Neoverse-N1 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r6g.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 512GB, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic

	OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: amazon

Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge: 

	Processor: ARMv8 Neoverse-V1 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r7g.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 496GB, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic

	OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: amazon

Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge: 

	Processor: ARMv8 Neoverse-V2 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r8g.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 496GB, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic

	OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: amazon

Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon Platinum 8488C (32 Cores / 64 Threads), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r7i.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 1 x 512GB DDR5-4800MT/s, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Graphics: simpledrmdrmfb, Network: Amazon Elastic

	OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 800x600, System Layer: amazon


miniFE 2.2
Problem Size: Small
CG Mflops > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 41274.2 |============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 22674.0 |===============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 36361.7 |========================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 65410.4 |============================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 29012.7 |====================


Xcompact3d Incompact3d 2021-03-11
Input: input.i3d 193 Cells Per Direction
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 10.91576610 |=================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 25.52030050 |========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 13.95584840 |======================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 7.87502066  |============
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 20.89203010 |=================================


OpenFOAM 10
Input: drivaerFastback, Small Mesh Size - Mesh Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 24.79 |===============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 37.29 |==============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 24.78 |===============================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 18.38 |=======================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 26.60 |=================================


OpenFOAM 10
Input: drivaerFastback, Small Mesh Size - Execution Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 43.17  |===================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 102.65 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 68.29  |==============================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 41.41  |==================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 63.45  |============================


OpenFOAM 10
Input: drivaerFastback, Medium Mesh Size - Mesh Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 124.00 |=============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 194.79 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 121.28 |============================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 91.97  |=====================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 135.97 |===============================


OpenFOAM 10
Input: drivaerFastback, Medium Mesh Size - Execution Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 374.70 |===================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 872.08 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 552.57 |=============================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 344.17 |==================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 653.58 |==================================


Xmrig 6.21
Variant: GhostRider - Hash Count: 1M
H/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 6899.8 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 2067.5 |=============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 2108.5 |==============
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 5958.7 |=======================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 3659.3 |========================


srsRAN Project 23.10.1-20240325
Test: PDSCH Processor Benchmark, Throughput Total
Mbps > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 28256.8 |============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 8104.1  |=============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 12612.6 |====================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 14402.5 |======================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 16787.8 |==========================


srsRAN Project 23.10.1-20240325
Test: PUSCH Processor Benchmark, Throughput Total
Mbps > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 2400.2 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 705.9  |=============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 1053.8 |====================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 1332.5 |=========================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 1610.3 |==============================


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: bcrypt
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 91409 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 45216 |=======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 50709 |==========================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 57038 |=============================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 58796 |==============================


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: WPA PSK
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 371747 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 49854  |======
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 52631  |======
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 57444  |=======
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 238561 |=============================


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: Blowfish
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 91221 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 45204 |=======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 50679 |==========================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 57032 |=============================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 58815 |==============================


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: HMAC-SHA512
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 256384000 |==========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 61258333  |==========
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 86689000  |==============
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 108066333 |==================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 182244000 |==============================


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: MD5
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 8647000 |============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 1332667 |=======
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 1451333 |=======
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 1579667 |========
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 5780000 |=============================


7-Zip Compression 24.05
Test: Compression Rating
MIPS > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 320933 |======================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 229844 |===========================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 296731 |===================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 383460 |=============================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 245712 |=============================


7-Zip Compression 24.05
Test: Decompression Rating
MIPS > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 288408 |=======================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 232070 |================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 284576 |=======================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 331505 |=============================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 177209 |========================


Stockfish 16.1
Chess Benchmark
Nodes Per Second > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 85180777 |===========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 43501453 |======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 55548662 |============================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 81440801 |=========================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 59224620 |==============================


Timed Gem5 Compilation 23.0.1
Time To Compile
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 213.29 |=============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 334.81 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 251.40 |==================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 186.77 |=========================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 244.88 |=================================


Timed Godot Game Engine Compilation 4.0
Time To Compile
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 127.45 |=====================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 274.04 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 195.50 |================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 147.87 |========================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 164.60 |===========================


Timed LLVM Compilation 16.0
Build System: Ninja
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 198.50 |==========================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 344.43 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 257.85 |==================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 182.06 |========================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 263.37 |==================================


Timed Node.js Compilation 21.7.2
Time To Compile
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 250.43 |=================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 678.01 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 571.01 |======================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 365.02 |========================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 354.09 |========================


C-Ray 2.0
Resolution: 4K - Rays Per Pixel: 16
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 49.69 |==============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 63.70 |======================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 38.67 |=======================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 28.32 |=================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 76.25 |==============================================


C-Ray 2.0
Resolution: 5K - Rays Per Pixel: 16
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 88.89  |=============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 113.15 |======================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 68.70  |=======================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 50.25  |=================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 135.60 |=============================================


Liquid-DSP 1.6
Threads: 64 - Buffer Length: 256 - Filter Length: 32
samples/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 2261533333 |============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 1851200000 |=======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 2573800000 |================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 3258733333 |=========================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 1952200000 |=========================


Liquid-DSP 1.6
Threads: 64 - Buffer Length: 256 - Filter Length: 57
samples/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 2529533333 |=========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 1173933333 |===================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 1654733333 |===========================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 1929666667 |===============================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 2093933333 |==================================


Liquid-DSP 1.6
Threads: 64 - Buffer Length: 256 - Filter Length: 512
samples/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 759700000 |==========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 150236667 |========
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 166313333 |=========
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 185000000 |==========
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 619730000 |==================================


OpenSSL
Algorithm: ChaCha20
byte/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 308611390393 |=======================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 67045933947  |========
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 94147502077  |============
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 101898720323 |=============
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 183018463593 |=======================


OpenSSL
Algorithm: AES-128-GCM
byte/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 256101795407 |====================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 156957263187 |============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 287591524763 |======================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 299797102137 |=======================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 503174525747 |=======================================


OpenSSL
Algorithm: AES-256-GCM
byte/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 236482948213 |======================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 126510935517 |============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 249095500597 |=======================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 266125150527 |=========================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 419371371453 |=======================================


OpenSSL
Algorithm: ChaCha20-Poly1305
byte/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 217491096737 |=======================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 46479276533  |========
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 69430704540  |============
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 75190548707  |=============
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 134022346887 |========================


ClickHouse 22.12.3.5
100M Rows Hits Dataset, First Run / Cold Cache
Queries Per Minute, Geo Mean > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 488.88 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 252.63 |=======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 348.41 |================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 449.44 |=========================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 377.02 |===================================


ClickHouse 22.12.3.5
100M Rows Hits Dataset, Second Run
Queries Per Minute, Geo Mean > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 508.87 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 269.15 |========================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 375.29 |=================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 479.94 |==========================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 404.64 |====================================


ClickHouse 22.12.3.5
100M Rows Hits Dataset, Third Run
Queries Per Minute, Geo Mean > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 514.29 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 274.07 |========================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 382.14 |=================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 495.03 |===========================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 404.38 |===================================


GROMACS 2024
Implementation: MPI CPU - Input: water_GMX50_bare
Ns Per Day > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 8.519 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 2.709 |===============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 4.163 |======================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 4.831 |==========================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 5.733 |===============================


PostgreSQL 16
Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Only
TPS > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 2092710 |============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 916786  |===================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 1087488 |=======================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 1947525 |=========================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 1995618 |==========================================


PostgreSQL 16
Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Only - Average Latency
ms < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 0.478 |====================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 1.091 |==============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 0.920 |=======================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 0.514 |======================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 0.501 |=====================


PostgreSQL 16
Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Write
TPS > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 4458 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 4483 |==============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 4541 |===============================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 4420 |==============================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 4437 |==============================================


PostgreSQL 16
Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Write - Average Latency
ms < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 224.32 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 223.17 |============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 220.27 |============================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 226.24 |=============================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 225.37 |=============================================


RocksDB 9.0
Test: Random Read
Op/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 324703669 |=======================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 165816939 |====================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 243166771 |=============================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 346532586 |==========================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 170624807 |=====================


RocksDB 9.0
Test: Update Random
Op/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 742898  |==========================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 305604  |===========
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 817470  |============================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 1274616 |============================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 779301  |===========================


RocksDB 9.0
Test: Read While Writing
Op/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 6304192 |=================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 5955845 |===============================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 6872389 |===================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 8522597 |============================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 5685167 |=============================


RocksDB 9.0
Test: Read Random Write Random
Op/s > Higher Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 3756585 |==============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 2912791 |=======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 4254497 |==================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 5584014 |============================================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 3243486 |==========================


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: BMW27 - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 30.19 |=================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 83.01 |==============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 62.77 |===================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 50.64 |============================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 39.74 |======================


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: Classroom - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 57.11  |===============
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 169.86 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 129.48 |==================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 105.39 |============================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 78.96  |=====================


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: Fishy Cat - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 39.16  |============
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 147.77 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 115.47 |===================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 95.01  |=============================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 53.74  |================


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: Barbershop - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 284.63 |===============
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 832.27 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 644.98 |===================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 499.63 |===========================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 414.24 |======================


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: Pabellon Barcelona - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge .. 84.52  |============
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge .. 321.20 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge .. 247.60 |===================================
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge .. 202.26 |============================
Xeon 8488C r7i.16xlarge . 115.14 |================