Bcachefs Linux 6.7 Benchmarks

Bcachefs benchmarks by Michael Larabel for a future article.

Compare your own system(s) to this result file with the Phoronix Test Suite by running the command: phoronix-test-suite benchmark 2311036-NE-BCACHEFSL97
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  Test
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Bcachefs
November 01 2023
  8 Hours, 55 Minutes
EXT4
November 02 2023
  7 Hours, 15 Minutes
Btrfs
November 02 2023
  8 Hours, 19 Minutes
F2FS
November 03 2023
  6 Hours, 32 Minutes
XFS
November 03 2023
  5 Hours, 51 Minutes
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Bcachefs Linux 6.7 BenchmarksOpenBenchmarking.orgPhoronix Test SuiteAMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core @ 5.88GHz (16 Cores / 32 Threads)ASUS ROG STRIX X670E-E GAMING WIFI (1416 BIOS)AMD Device 14d82 x 16 GB DDR5-6000MT/s F5-6000J3038F16G2000GB Samsung SSD 980 PRO 2TB + 2048GB SOLIDIGM SSDPFKKW020X7AMD Radeon 16GB (2124/1218MHz)AMD Navi 31 HDMI/DPASUS MG28UIntel I225-V + Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX210/AX211/AX411Ubuntu 23.106.6.0-phx-bcachefs (x86_64)GNOME Shell 45.0X Server4.6 Mesa 23.2.1-1ubuntu3 (LLVM 15.0.7 DRM 3.54)GCC 13.2.0 + LLVM 16.0.6BcacheFSext4btrfsf2fsxfs3840x2160ProcessorMotherboardChipsetMemoryDiskGraphicsAudioMonitorNetworkOSKernelDesktopDisplay ServerOpenGLCompilerFile-SystemsScreen ResolutionBcachefs Linux 6.7 Benchmarks PerformanceSystem Logs- Transparent Huge Pages: madvise- --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v - Bcachefs: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 512- EXT4: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096- Btrfs: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096- F2FS: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096- XFS: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096- Scaling Governor: amd-pstate-epp powersave (EPP: balance_performance) - CPU Microcode: 0xa601203 - OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.20+8-post-Ubuntu-1ubuntu1)- Bcachefs: Python 3.11.6- gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Vulnerable: Safe RET no microcode + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS IBPB: conditional STIBP: always-on RSB filling PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFSLogarithmic Result OverviewPhoronix Test SuiteApplication Start-up TimePostgreSQLFS-MarkFlexible IO TesterSQLiteClickHousenginxDuckDBApache IoTDB

Bcachefs Linux 6.7 Benchmarksstartup-time: Only Seq Reads - xterm - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Seq Reads + Writes - xterm - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Only Seq Reads - GNOME Terminal - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Only Seq Reads - LibreOffice Writer - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Seq Reads + Writes - GNOME Terminal - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Seq Reads + Writes - LibreOffice Writer - Default Test Directorysqlite: 1sqlite: 2sqlite: 4sqlite: 8fio: Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfs-mark: 1000 Files, 1MB Sizefs-mark: 5000 Files, 1MB Size, 4 Threadsfs-mark: 4000 Files, 32 Sub Dirs, 1MB Sizeclickhouse: 100M Rows Hits Dataset, First Run / Cold Cacheclickhouse: 100M Rows Hits Dataset, Second Runclickhouse: 100M Rows Hits Dataset, Third Runapache-iotdb: 800 - 100 - 500 - 400apache-iotdb: 800 - 100 - 500 - 400duckdb: TPC-H Parquetpgbench: 1000 - 800 - Read Writepgbench: 1000 - 800 - Read Write - Average Latencynginx: 500fio: Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS0.1817780.2426390.5190000.3820000.7273330.48666712.82818.95921.93324.28576162303113.717577837350400234853.7424274901.2824512461.6312311263.51632199.3651.6201.7212.92247.05246.2066327842268.0097.4897562108.203173189.610.1637410.2058610.4870560.4428890.6437780.5317787.61810.50013.27518.7333707464172.53106816728802713470066112.0630566252.5931265559.4527805582.582791748.9981.6447.3239.03267.34266.4966828851270.7094.5961963141.140176467.111.127611.001443.461442.148783.023471.9323417.23527.00827.57130.0102526203162.1680951377760795726184.3130926065.9830334728.9523644781.962391650.01993.6677.8236.45266.61270.8068886304264.6695.8983155125.371164208.090.1705000.1602780.3558330.2893330.3367780.2815569.33110.99516.94718.0053768894164.1910660322685573629846290.3731456296.2231485615.7728085552.932776790.32258.2641.1237.60264.44268.5770210625255.6398.7872785628.729174634.940.1815240.2135830.5188330.4436660.6617780.5734447.70410.19512.61924.1093754204140.32105992229916314079456165.1830836237.2531185547.5327745499.9127501151.81513.4235.2240.47270.38273.7770190661258.4193.1094374918.289177367.245499.78OpenBenchmarking.org

Application Start-up Time

This benchmark measures the start-up time of applications when there is some I/O in the background. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Only Sequential Reads - Application To Start: xterm - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryEXT4F2FSXFSBcachefsBtrfs0.25370.50740.76111.01481.2685SE +/- 0.004034, N = 9SE +/- 0.002632, N = 12SE +/- 0.001577, N = 7SE +/- 0.001495, N = 3SE +/- 0.014067, N = 120.1637410.1705000.1815240.1817781.127610

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Sequential Reads + Writes - Application To Start: xterm - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSEXT4XFSBcachefsBtrfs0.22530.45060.67590.90121.1265SE +/- 0.003985, N = 12SE +/- 0.002191, N = 12SE +/- 0.004156, N = 12SE +/- 0.002923, N = 12SE +/- 0.009624, N = 30.1602780.2058610.2135830.2426391.001440

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Only Sequential Reads - Application To Start: GNOME Terminal - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSEXT4XFSBcachefsBtrfs0.77881.55762.33643.11523.894SE +/- 0.008732, N = 12SE +/- 0.003448, N = 12SE +/- 0.004053, N = 12SE +/- 0.002775, N = 3SE +/- 0.024813, N = 30.3558330.4870560.5188330.5190003.461440

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Only Sequential Reads - Application To Start: LibreOffice Writer - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSBcachefsEXT4XFSBtrfs0.48350.9671.45051.9342.4175SE +/- 0.003355, N = 3SE +/- 0.002694, N = 3SE +/- 0.003318, N = 3SE +/- 0.003283, N = 3SE +/- 0.022155, N = 30.2893330.3820000.4428890.4436662.148780

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Sequential Reads + Writes - Application To Start: GNOME Terminal - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSEXT4XFSBcachefsBtrfs0.68031.36062.04092.72123.4015SE +/- 0.012354, N = 9SE +/- 0.008880, N = 3SE +/- 0.005964, N = 3SE +/- 0.008395, N = 10SE +/- 0.047895, N = 120.3367780.6437780.6617780.7273333.023470

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Sequential Reads + Writes - Application To Start: LibreOffice Writer - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSBcachefsEXT4XFSBtrfs0.43480.86961.30441.73922.174SE +/- 0.002724, N = 3SE +/- 0.004446, N = 6SE +/- 0.002452, N = 3SE +/- 0.003279, N = 3SE +/- 0.011624, N = 30.2815560.4866670.5317780.5734441.932340

SQLite

This is a simple benchmark of SQLite. At present this test profile just measures the time to perform a pre-defined number of insertions on an indexed database with a variable number of concurrent repetitions -- up to the maximum number of CPU threads available. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSQLite 3.41.2Threads / Copies: 1EXT4XFSF2FSBcachefsBtrfs48121620SE +/- 0.002, N = 3SE +/- 0.004, N = 3SE +/- 0.002, N = 3SE +/- 0.018, N = 3SE +/- 0.039, N = 37.6187.7049.33112.82817.2351. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lz -lm

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSQLite 3.41.2Threads / Copies: 2XFSEXT4F2FSBcachefsBtrfs612182430SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.17, N = 310.2010.5011.0018.9627.011. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lz -lm

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSQLite 3.41.2Threads / Copies: 4XFSEXT4F2FSBcachefsBtrfs612182430SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 10SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.29, N = 312.6213.2816.9521.9327.571. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lz -lm

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSQLite 3.41.2Threads / Copies: 8F2FSEXT4XFSBcachefsBtrfs714212835SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.15, N = 3SE +/- 0.40, N = 318.0118.7324.1124.2930.011. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lz -lm

Flexible IO Tester

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSXFSEXT4BtrfsBcachefs80K160K240K320K400KSE +/- 811.99, N = 3SE +/- 2446.50, N = 3SE +/- 2792.67, N = 3SE +/- 1602.80, N = 3SE +/- 569.75, N = 1537688937542037074625262076162MIN: 375794.76 / MAX: 378475.42MIN: 370802.87 / MAX: 379130.97MIN: 365747.42 / MAX: 375403.37MIN: 249668.66 / MAX: 255179.14MIN: 73658.17 / MAX: 80946.091. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4F2FSXFSBtrfs60K120K180K240K300KSE +/- 2910.36, N = 6SE +/- 46.08, N = 15SE +/- 48.15, N = 15SE +/- 53.06, N = 14SE +/- 8.01, N = 3303113.714172.534164.194140.323162.16MIN: 297377.67 / MAX: 317335.741. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryEXT4F2FSXFSBtrfsBcachefs200K400K600K800K1000KSE +/- 11797.21, N = 15SE +/- 12325.85, N = 15SE +/- 13582.99, N = 14SE +/- 2050.88, N = 3SE +/- 727.59, N = 610681671066032105992280951375778MIN: 1039508.21 / MAX: 1230002.04MIN: 1026726.21 / MAX: 1230497.8MIN: 1022842.76 / MAX: 1231799.82MIN: 806653.2 / MAX: 813489.181. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryXFSEXT4F2FSBtrfsBcachefs60K120K180K240K300KSE +/- 717.19, N = 3SE +/- 660.93, N = 3SE +/- 244.81, N = 3SE +/- 858.39, N = 15SE +/- 652.12, N = 152991632880272685577776037350MIN: 297780.74 / MAX: 300185.54MIN: 286852.76 / MAX: 289139.8MIN: 268068 / MAX: 268820.75MIN: 74100.36 / MAX: 85019.83MIN: 32943.45 / MAX: 40962.481. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryXFSEXT4F2FSBtrfsBcachefs300K600K900K1200K1500KSE +/- 717.34, N = 3SE +/- 16634.48, N = 15SE +/- 4136.29, N = 4SE +/- 660.10, N = 15SE +/- 566.87, N = 15140794513470063629847957240023MIN: 1406672.14 / MAX: 1409154.7MIN: 1239048.22 / MAX: 1414090.84MIN: 357966.22 / MAX: 375302.331. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSBtrfsXFSEXT4Bcachefs13002600390052006500SE +/- 67.61, N = 12SE +/- 70.88, N = 13SE +/- 70.33, N = 3SE +/- 33.48, N = 3SE +/- 140.63, N = 146290.376184.316165.186112.064853.74MIN: 6110.26 / MAX: 7018.12MIN: 6041.9 / MAX: 7020.39MIN: 6043.66 / MAX: 6287.3MIN: 6051.52 / MAX: 6167.11MIN: 4538.06 / MAX: 6621.811. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSBtrfsXFSEXT4Bcachefs7001400210028003500SE +/- 33.81, N = 12SE +/- 35.44, N = 13SE +/- 35.16, N = 3SE +/- 16.74, N = 3SE +/- 70.31, N = 1431453092308330562427MIN: 3055.12 / MAX: 3509.06MIN: 3020.94 / MAX: 3510.19MIN: 3021.83 / MAX: 3143.64MIN: 3025.76 / MAX: 3083.55MIN: 2269.02 / MAX: 3310.871. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSEXT4XFSBtrfsBcachefs13002600390052006500SE +/- 50.62, N = 9SE +/- 64.89, N = 5SE +/- 67.10, N = 5SE +/- 41.29, N = 15SE +/- 50.05, N = 156296.226252.596237.256065.984901.28MIN: 6119.52 / MAX: 6673.78MIN: 6132.64 / MAX: 6500.51MIN: 6120.08 / MAX: 6500.26MIN: 5658.18 / MAX: 6484.12MIN: 4710.38 / MAX: 5357.721. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSEXT4XFSBtrfsBcachefs7001400210028003500SE +/- 25.31, N = 9SE +/- 32.45, N = 5SE +/- 33.57, N = 5SE +/- 20.64, N = 15SE +/- 25.03, N = 1531483126311830332451MIN: 3059.68 / MAX: 3336.7MIN: 3066.14 / MAX: 3250.13MIN: 3059.87 / MAX: 3250.07MIN: 2829.03 / MAX: 3241.97MIN: 2355.14 / MAX: 2678.791. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSEXT4XFSBtrfsBcachefs12002400360048006000SE +/- 61.25, N = 4SE +/- 33.23, N = 3SE +/- 32.05, N = 3SE +/- 50.53, N = 5SE +/- 100.65, N = 155615.775559.455547.534728.952461.63MIN: 5501.73 / MAX: 5789.5MIN: 5495.61 / MAX: 5607.4MIN: 5483.6 / MAX: 5583.57MIN: 4530.31 / MAX: 4797.4MIN: 1772.46 / MAX: 3002.831. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryF2FSEXT4XFSBtrfsBcachefs6001200180024003000SE +/- 30.62, N = 4SE +/- 16.62, N = 3SE +/- 16.02, N = 3SE +/- 25.26, N = 5SE +/- 50.33, N = 1528082780277423641231MIN: 2750.85 / MAX: 2894.73MIN: 2747.78 / MAX: 2803.68MIN: 2741.78 / MAX: 2791.75MIN: 2265.05 / MAX: 2398.5MIN: 886.2 / MAX: 1501.381. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryEXT4F2FSXFSBtrfsBcachefs12002400360048006000SE +/- 47.29, N = 3SE +/- 49.27, N = 7SE +/- 61.45, N = 5SE +/- 80.34, N = 15SE +/- 33.52, N = 155582.585552.935499.914781.961263.51MIN: 5499.3 / MAX: 5663.06MIN: 5467.43 / MAX: 5834.39MIN: 5410.39 / MAX: 5737.43MIN: 4419.75 / MAX: 5541.81MIN: 1131.89 / MAX: 15671. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryEXT4F2FSXFSBtrfsBcachefs6001200180024003000SE +/- 23.64, N = 3SE +/- 24.62, N = 7SE +/- 30.72, N = 5SE +/- 40.17, N = 15SE +/- 16.76, N = 152791277627502391632MIN: 2749.5 / MAX: 2831.35MIN: 2733.64 / MAX: 2916.99MIN: 2705.07 / MAX: 2868.6MIN: 2209.68 / MAX: 2770.82MIN: 565.92 / MAX: 783.491. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

FS-Mark

FS_Mark is designed to test a system's file-system performance. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgFiles/s, More Is BetterFS-Mark 3.3Test: 1000 Files, 1MB SizeXFSF2FSEXT4BtrfsBcachefs2004006008001000SE +/- 2.38, N = 3SE +/- 8.77, N = 3SE +/- 6.83, N = 3SE +/- 18.54, N = 15SE +/- 1.04, N = 31151.8790.3748.9650.0199.3

OpenBenchmarking.orgFiles/s, More Is BetterFS-Mark 3.3Test: 5000 Files, 1MB Size, 4 ThreadsF2FSBtrfsXFSEXT4Bcachefs5001000150020002500SE +/- 2.51, N = 3SE +/- 28.10, N = 3SE +/- 329.80, N = 9SE +/- 259.08, N = 9SE +/- 37.17, N = 92258.21993.61513.4981.6651.6

OpenBenchmarking.orgFiles/s, More Is BetterFS-Mark 3.3Test: 4000 Files, 32 Sub Dirs, 1MB SizeBtrfsF2FSEXT4XFSBcachefs150300450600750SE +/- 5.44, N = 12SE +/- 70.16, N = 14SE +/- 83.39, N = 12SE +/- 0.57, N = 3SE +/- 2.75, N = 3677.8641.1447.3235.2201.7

ClickHouse

ClickHouse is an open-source, high performance OLAP data management system. This test profile uses ClickHouse's standard benchmark recommendations per https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/performance-test/ / https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickBench/tree/main/clickhouse with the 100 million rows web analytics dataset. The reported value is the query processing time using the geometric mean of all separate queries performed as an aggregate. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgQueries Per Minute, Geo Mean, More Is BetterClickHouse 22.12.3.5100M Rows Hits Dataset, First Run / Cold CacheXFSEXT4F2FSBtrfsBcachefs50100150200250SE +/- 2.27, N = 7SE +/- 1.66, N = 3SE +/- 2.86, N = 4SE +/- 2.06, N = 8SE +/- 1.03, N = 3240.47239.03237.60236.45212.92MIN: 14.37 / MAX: 8571.43MIN: 12.72 / MAX: 7500MIN: 12.66 / MAX: 8571.43MIN: 11.55 / MAX: 8571.43MIN: 12.92 / MAX: 6666.67

OpenBenchmarking.orgQueries Per Minute, Geo Mean, More Is BetterClickHouse 22.12.3.5100M Rows Hits Dataset, Second RunXFSEXT4BtrfsF2FSBcachefs60120180240300SE +/- 0.57, N = 7SE +/- 2.43, N = 3SE +/- 1.97, N = 8SE +/- 1.40, N = 4SE +/- 1.20, N = 3270.38267.34266.61264.44247.05MIN: 15.02 / MAX: 10000MIN: 14.9 / MAX: 10000MIN: 14.4 / MAX: 12000MIN: 16.82 / MAX: 10000MIN: 16.58 / MAX: 8571.43

OpenBenchmarking.orgQueries Per Minute, Geo Mean, More Is BetterClickHouse 22.12.3.5100M Rows Hits Dataset, Third RunXFSBtrfsF2FSEXT4Bcachefs60120180240300SE +/- 1.06, N = 7SE +/- 1.93, N = 8SE +/- 1.79, N = 4SE +/- 1.37, N = 3SE +/- 3.01, N = 3273.77270.80268.57266.49246.20MIN: 14.93 / MAX: 10000MIN: 14.52 / MAX: 12000MIN: 14.87 / MAX: 10000MIN: 14.91 / MAX: 7500MIN: 14.29 / MAX: 10000

Apache IoTDB

Apache IotDB is a time series database and this benchmark is facilitated using the IoT Benchmaark [https://github.com/thulab/iot-benchmark/]. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgpoint/sec, More Is BetterApache IoTDB 1.2Device Count: 800 - Batch Size Per Write: 100 - Sensor Count: 500 - Client Number: 400F2FSXFSBtrfsEXT4Bcachefs15M30M45M60M75MSE +/- 155319.69, N = 3SE +/- 831053.70, N = 3SE +/- 563599.21, N = 3SE +/- 480213.11, N = 12SE +/- 649405.71, N = 37021062570190661688863046682885166327842

OpenBenchmarking.orgAverage Latency, Fewer Is BetterApache IoTDB 1.2Device Count: 800 - Batch Size Per Write: 100 - Sensor Count: 500 - Client Number: 400F2FSXFSBtrfsBcachefsEXT460120180240300SE +/- 1.86, N = 3SE +/- 6.17, N = 3SE +/- 3.04, N = 3SE +/- 5.31, N = 3SE +/- 1.71, N = 12255.63258.41264.66268.00270.70MAX: 26895.84MAX: 27048.64MAX: 27208.91MAX: 37923.24MAX: 32210.43

DuckDB

DuckDB is an in-progress SQL OLAP database management system optimized for analytics and features a vectorized and parallel engine. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterDuckDB 0.9.1Benchmark: TPC-H ParquetXFSEXT4BtrfsBcachefsF2FS20406080100SE +/- 0.19, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.37, N = 3SE +/- 0.58, N = 3SE +/- 0.57, N = 393.1194.6095.9097.4998.791. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -rdynamic -lssl -lcrypto -ldl

PostgreSQL

This is a benchmark of PostgreSQL using the integrated pgbench for facilitating the database benchmarks. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgTPS, More Is BetterPostgreSQL 16Scaling Factor: 1000 - Clients: 800 - Mode: Read WriteXFSBtrfsF2FSEXT4Bcachefs9K18K27K36K45KSE +/- 395.03, N = 3SE +/- 230.46, N = 12SE +/- 372.92, N = 3SE +/- 666.75, N = 9SE +/- 361.54, N = 124374931551278561963175621. (CC) gcc options: -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -lpgcommon -lpgport -lpq -lm

OpenBenchmarking.orgms, Fewer Is BetterPostgreSQL 16Scaling Factor: 1000 - Clients: 800 - Mode: Read Write - Average LatencyXFSBtrfsF2FSEXT4Bcachefs20406080100SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.19, N = 12SE +/- 0.38, N = 3SE +/- 1.44, N = 9SE +/- 4.62, N = 1218.2925.3728.7341.14108.201. (CC) gcc options: -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -lpgcommon -lpgport -lpq -lm

nginx

This is a benchmark of the lightweight Nginx HTTP(S) web-server. This Nginx web server benchmark test profile makes use of the wrk program for facilitating the HTTP requests over a fixed period time with a configurable number of concurrent clients/connections. HTTPS with a self-signed OpenSSL certificate is used by this test for local benchmarking. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgRequests Per Second, More Is Betternginx 1.23.2Connections: 500XFSEXT4F2FSBcachefsBtrfs40K80K120K160K200KSE +/- 287.75, N = 3SE +/- 175.02, N = 3SE +/- 105.74, N = 3SE +/- 265.35, N = 3SE +/- 53.17, N = 3177367.24176467.11174634.94173189.61164208.091. (CC) gcc options: -lluajit-5.1 -lm -lssl -lcrypto -lpthread -ldl -std=c99 -O2

Flexible IO Tester

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryXFS12002400360048006000SE +/- 2.80, N = 35499.78MIN: 5494.81 / MAX: 5504.511. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

36 Results Shown

Application Start-up Time:
  Only Seq Reads - xterm - Default Test Directory
  Seq Reads + Writes - xterm - Default Test Directory
  Only Seq Reads - GNOME Terminal - Default Test Directory
  Only Seq Reads - LibreOffice Writer - Default Test Directory
  Seq Reads + Writes - GNOME Terminal - Default Test Directory
  Seq Reads + Writes - LibreOffice Writer - Default Test Directory
SQLite:
  1
  2
  4
  8
Flexible IO Tester:
  Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directory
FS-Mark:
  1000 Files, 1MB Size
  5000 Files, 1MB Size, 4 Threads
  4000 Files, 32 Sub Dirs, 1MB Size
ClickHouse:
  100M Rows Hits Dataset, First Run / Cold Cache
  100M Rows Hits Dataset, Second Run
  100M Rows Hits Dataset, Third Run
Apache IoTDB:
  800 - 100 - 500 - 400:
    point/sec
    Average Latency
DuckDB
PostgreSQL:
  1000 - 800 - Read Write
  1000 - 800 - Read Write - Average Latency
nginx
Flexible IO Tester